There are many hashing algorithms used throughout the blockchain space as well as some more complex usages which require utilities to facilitate these common operations.
Cryptographic Hash Functions
The Cryptographic Hash Functions are a specific family of hash functions.
The Ethereum Identity function computes the KECCAK256 hash of the text bytes.
ethers.utils.sha256( aBytesLike ) ⇒ string< DataHexString< 32 > > Returns the SHA2-256 digest of aBytesLike.
ethers.utils.sha512( aBytesLike ) ⇒ string< DataHexString< 64 > > Returns the SHA2-512 digest of aBytesLike.
utils.keccak256([ 0x12, 0x34 ])
// '0x56570de287d73cd1cb6092bb8fdee6173974955fdef345ae579ee9f475ea7432'
utils.keccak256("0x")
// '0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470'
utils.keccak256("0x1234")
// '0x56570de287d73cd1cb6092bb8fdee6173974955fdef345ae579ee9f475ea7432'
utils.keccak256("hello world")
// [Error: invalid arrayify value] {
// argument: 'value',
// code: 'INVALID_ARGUMENT',
// reason: 'invalid arrayify value',
// value: 'hello world'
// }
utils.keccak256(utils.toUtf8Bytes("hello world"))
// '0x47173285a8d7341e5e972fc677286384f802f8ef42a5ec5f03bbfa254cb01fad'
utils.id("hello world")
// '0x47173285a8d7341e5e972fc677286384f802f8ef42a5ec5f03bbfa254cb01fad'
utils.keccak256("0x1234")
// '0x56570de287d73cd1cb6092bb8fdee6173974955fdef345ae579ee9f475ea7432'
utils.keccak256([ 0x12, 0x34 ])
// '0x56570de287d73cd1cb6092bb8fdee6173974955fdef345ae579ee9f475ea7432'
bytes = utils.toUtf8Bytes("0x1234")
// Uint8Array [ 48, 120, 49, 50, 51, 52 ]
utils.keccak256(bytes)
// '0x1ac7d1b81b7ba1025b36ccb86723da6ee5a87259f1c2fd5abe69d3200b512ec8'
utils.id("0x1234")
// '0x1ac7d1b81b7ba1025b36ccb86723da6ee5a87259f1c2fd5abe69d3200b512ec8'
utils.ripemd160("0x")
// '0x9c1185a5c5e9fc54612808977ee8f548b2258d31'
utils.ripemd160("0x1234")
// '0xc39867e393cb061b837240862d9ad318c176a96d'
utils.sha256("0x")
// '0xe3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855'
utils.sha256("0x1234")
// '0x3a103a4e5729ad68c02a678ae39accfbc0ae208096437401b7ceab63cca0622f'
utils.sha512("0x")
// '0xcf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e'
utils.sha512("0x1234")
// '0x4c54886c9821195522d88ff4705c3e0c686b921054421e6ea598739c29c26e1ee75419aaceec94dd2e3c0dbb82ecf895c9f61215f375de6d800d9b99d3d4b816'
ethers.utils.computeHmac( algorithm , key , data ) ⇒ string< DataHexString > Returns the HMAC of data with key using the Algorithm algorithm.
HMAC Supported Algorithms
ethers.utils.SupportedAlgorithm.sha256 ⇒ string Use the SHA2-256 hash algorithm.
ethers.utils.SupportedAlgorithm.sha512 ⇒ string Use the SHA2-512 hash algorithm.
const key = "0x0102"
const data = "0x1234"
utils.computeHmac("sha256", key, data)
// '0x7553df81c628815cf569696cad13a37c606c5058df13d9dff4fee2cf5e9b5779'
ethers.utils.hashMessage( message ) ⇒ string< DataHexString< 32 > > Computes the EIP-191 personal message digest of message. Personal messages are converted to UTF-8 bytes and prefixed with \x19Ethereum Signed Message: and the length of message.
utils.hashMessage("Hello World")
// '0xa1de988600a42c4b4ab089b619297c17d53cffae5d5120d82d8a92d0bb3b78f2'
utils.hashMessage( [ 72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 32, 87, 111, 114, 108, 100 ])
// '0xa1de988600a42c4b4ab089b619297c17d53cffae5d5120d82d8a92d0bb3b78f2'
utils.hashMessage("0x42")
// '0xf0d544d6e4a96e1c08adc3efabe2fcb9ec5e28db1ad6c33ace880ba354ab0fce'
utils.hashMessage([ 0x42 ])
// '0xd18c12b87124f9ceb7e1d3a5d06a5ac92ecab15931417e8d1558d9a263f99d63'
utils.hashMessage(utils.arrayify("0x42"))
// '0xd18c12b87124f9ceb7e1d3a5d06a5ac92ecab15931417e8d1558d9a263f99d63'
utils.namehash("")
// '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
utils.namehash("eth")
// '0x93cdeb708b7545dc668eb9280176169d1c33cfd8ed6f04690a0bcc88a93fc4ae'
utils.namehash("ricmoo.firefly.eth")
// '0x0bcad17ecf260d6506c6b97768bdc2acfb6694445d27ffd3f9c1cfbee4a9bd6d'
utils.namehash("ricmoo.xyz")
// '0x7d56aa46358ba2f8b77d8e05bcabdd2358370dcf34e87810f8cea77ecb3fc57d'
The TypedDataEncoder is used to compute the various encoded data required for EIP-712 signed data.
Signed data requires a domain, list of structures and their members and the data itself.
The domain is an object with values for any of the standard domain properties.
The types is an object with each property being the name of a structure, mapping to an array of field descriptions. It should not include the EIP712Domain property unless it is required as a child structure of another.
Experimental Feature (this exported class name will change)
This is still an experimental feature. If using it, please specify the exact version of ethers you are using (e.g. spcify "5.0.18", not "^5.0.18") as the exported class name will be renamed from _TypedDataEncoder to TypedDataEncoder once it has been used in the field a bit.
ethers.utils._TypedDataEncoder.from( types ) ⇒ [TypedDataEncoder] Creates a new TypedDataEncoder for types. This object is a fairly low-level object that most developers should not require using instances directly.
Most developers will find the static class methods below the most useful.
TypedDataEncoder.encode( domain , types , values ) ⇒ string Encodes the Returns the hashed EIP-712 domain.
TypedDataEncoder.getPayload( domain , types , value ) ⇒ any Returns the standard payload used by various JSON-RPC eth_signTypedData* calls.
All domain values and entries in value are normalized and the types are verified.
TypedDataEncoder.getPrimaryType( types ) ⇒ string Constructs a directed acyclic graph of the types and returns the root type, which can be used as the primaryType for EIP-712 payloads.
TypedDataEncoder.hash( domain , types , values ) ⇒ string< DataHexString< 32 > > Returns the computed EIP-712 hash.
TypedDataEncoder.hashDomain( domain ) ⇒ string< DataHexString< 32 > > Returns the hashed EIP-712 domain.
TypedDataEncoder.resolveNames( domain , types , value , resolveName ) ⇒ Promise< any > Returns a copy of value, where any leaf value with a type of address will have been recursively replacedwith the value of calling resolveName with that value.
domain = {
name: 'Ether Mail',
version: '1',
chainId: 1,
verifyingContract: '0xCcCCccccCCCCcCCCCCCcCcCccCcCCCcCcccccccC'
};
types = {
Person: [
{ name: 'name', type: 'string' },
{ name: 'wallet', type: 'address' }
],
Mail: [
{ name: 'from', type: 'Person' },
{ name: 'to', type: 'Person' },
{ name: 'contents', type: 'string' }
]
};
value = {
from: {
name: 'Cow',
wallet: '0xCD2a3d9F938E13CD947Ec05AbC7FE734Df8DD826'
},
to: {
name: 'Bob',
wallet: '0xbBbBBBBbbBBBbbbBbbBbbbbBBbBbbbbBbBbbBBbB'
},
contents: 'Hello, Bob!'
};
TypedDataEncoder.encode(domain, types, value)
// '0x1901f2cee375fa42b42143804025fc449deafd50cc031ca257e0b194a650a912090fc52c0ee5d84264471806290a3f2c4cecfc5490626bf912d01f240d7a274b371e'
TypedDataEncoder.getPayload(domain, types, value)
// {
// domain: {
// chainId: '1',
// name: 'Ether Mail',
// verifyingContract: '0xcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc',
// version: '1'
// },
// message: {
// contents: 'Hello, Bob!',
// from: {
// name: 'Cow',
// wallet: '0xcd2a3d9f938e13cd947ec05abc7fe734df8dd826'
// },
// to: {
// name: 'Bob',
// wallet: '0xbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb'
// }
// },
// primaryType: 'Mail',
// types: {
// EIP712Domain: [
// {
// name: 'name',
// type: 'string'
// },
// {
// name: 'version',
// type: 'string'
// },
// {
// name: 'chainId',
// type: 'uint256'
// },
// {
// name: 'verifyingContract',
// type: 'address'
// }
// ],
// Mail: [
// {
// name: 'from',
// type: 'Person'
// },
// {
// name: 'to',
// type: 'Person'
// },
// {
// name: 'contents',
// type: 'string'
// }
// ],
// Person: [
// {
// name: 'name',
// type: 'string'
// },
// {
// name: 'wallet',
// type: 'address'
// }
// ]
// }
// }
TypedDataEncoder.getPrimaryType(types)
// 'Mail'
TypedDataEncoder.hash(domain, types, value)
// '0xbe609aee343fb3c4b28e1df9e632fca64fcfaede20f02e86244efddf30957bd2'
TypedDataEncoder.hashDomain(domain)
// '0xf2cee375fa42b42143804025fc449deafd50cc031ca257e0b194a650a912090f'
Solidity Hashing Algorithms
When using the Solidity abi.encodePacked(...) function, a non-standard tightly packed version of encoding is used. These functions implement the tightly packing algorithm.
ethers.utils.solidityPack( types , values ) ⇒ string< DataHexString > Returns the non-standard encoded values packed according to their respective type in types.
ethers.utils.solidityKeccak256( types , values ) ⇒ string< DataHexString< 32 > > Returns the KECCAK256 of the non-standard encoded values packed according to their respective type in types.
ethers.utils.soliditySha256( types , values ) ⇒ string< DataHexString< 32 > > Returns the SHA2-256 of the non-standard encoded values packed according to their respective type in types.
utils.solidityPack([ "int16", "uint48" ], [ -1, 12 ])
// '0xffff00000000000c'
utils.solidityPack([ "string", "uint8" ], [ "Hello", 3 ])
// '0x48656c6c6f03'
utils.solidityKeccak256([ "int16", "uint48" ], [ -1, 12 ])
// '0x81da7abb5c9c7515f57dab2fc946f01217ab52f3bd8958bc36bd55894451a93c'
utils.soliditySha256([ "int16", "uint48" ], [ -1, 12 ])
// '0xa5580fb602f6e2ba9c588011dc4e6c2335e0f5d970dc45869db8f217efc6911a'
utils.solidityPack([ "string", "string" ], [ "hello", "world01" ])
// '0x68656c6c6f776f726c643031'
utils.solidityPack([ "string", "string" ], [ "helloworld", "01" ])
// '0x68656c6c6f776f726c643031'
utils.solidityPack([ "string", "string", "uint16" ], [ "hell", "oworld", 0x3031 ])
// '0x68656c6c6f776f726c643031'
utils.solidityPack([ "uint96" ], [ "32309054545061485574011236401" ])
// '0x68656c6c6f776f726c643031'