( TL; DR – sign up for your own API keys with the links below to improve your application performance )
When using a Provider backed by an API service (such as Alchemy, Etherscan or INFURA), the service requires an API key, which allows each service to track individual projects and their usage and permissions.
The ethers library offers default API keys for each service, so that each Provider works out-of-the-box.
These API keys are provided as a community resource by the backend services for low-traffic projects and for early prototyping.
Since these API keys are shared by all users (that have not acquired their own API key), they are aggressively throttled which means retries occur more frequently and the responses are slower.
It is highly recommended that you sign up for a free API key from each service for their free tier, which (depending on the service) includes many advantages:
- a much higher request rate and concurrent request limit
- faster responses with fewer retries and timeouts
- useful metric tracking for performance tuning and to analyze your customer behaviour
- more advanced APIs, such as archive data or advanced log queries
Etherscan(see the EtherscanProvider)
Etherscan is an Ethereum block explorer, which is possibly the most useful developer tool for building and debugging Ethereum applications.
They offer an extensive collection of API endpoints which provide all the operations required to interact with the Ethereum Blockchain.
Sign up for a free API key on Etherscan
Benefits:
- higher rate limit (since you are not using the shared rate limit)
- customer usage metrics
homestead, goerli, sepolia, matic. maticmum, arbitrum, arbitrum-goerli, optimism and optimism-goerli.
INFURA(see the InfuraProvider)
The INFURA service has been around for quite some time and is very robust and reliable and highly recommended.
They offer a standard JSON-RPC interface and a WebSocket interface, which makes interaction with standard tools versatile, simple and straightforward.
Sign up for a free Project ID on INFURA
Benefits:
- higher rate limit
- customer usage metrics
- access to archive data (requires paid upgrade)
homestead, goerli, sepolia, matic. maticmum, arbitrum, arbitrum-goerli, optimism and optimism-goerli.
Alchemy(see the AlchemyProvider)
The Alchemy service has been around a few years and is also very robust and reliable.
They offer a standard JSON-RPC interface and a WebSocket interface, as well as a collection of advanced APIs for interacting with tokens and to assist with debugging.
Sign up for a free API key on Alchemy
Benefits:
- higher rate limit
- customer usage metrics
- access to advanced token balance and metadata APIs
- access to advanced debugging trace and revert reason APIs
homestead, goerli, matic. maticmum, arbitrum, arbitrum-goerli, optimism and optimism-goerli.
Pocket Gateway(see the PocketProvider)
They offer a standard JSON-RPC interface using either a load-balanced network or non-load-balanced fleet.
Sign up for a free API key on Pocket
Benefits:
- customer usage metrics
- decentralized Access to Blockchain Infrastructure
- Stake as opposed to paying a monthly fee
- Highly redundant global set of nodes incentivized by cryptoeconomic incentives
homestead
Ankr(see the AnkrProvider)
They offer a standard JSON-RPC interface and have fairly high capacity without the need for an API key early on in the development cycle.
See their free tier features on Ankr
Benefits:
- higher rate limit
- customer usage metrics
- access to archive data (requires paid upgrade)
homestead, matic and arbitrum
The default provider connects to multiple backends and verifies their results internally, making it simple to have a high level of trust in third-party services.
A second optional parameter allows API keys to be specified to each Provider created internally and any API key omitted will fallback onto using the default API key for that service.
It is highly recommended that you provide an API for each service, to maximize your applications performance.
If the API key "-" is used, the corresponding Provider will be omitted.